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Quantum Superposition: A quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously until measured.

Quantum Entanglement: Two or more quantum particles become linked, and their fates are intertwined regardless of the distance separating them.

Wave-Particle Duality: Quantum objects exhibit properties of both waves and particles, depending on how they are observed.

Quantum Tunneling: A particle can pass through a potential energy barrier even if it does not have enough energy to overcome it classically.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle: There is a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, like position and momentum, can be known simultaneously.

Quantization: Energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other physical quantities are often restricted to discrete values.

Quantum Field Theory: A theoretical framework that combines quantum mechanics with special relativity to describe all fundamental forces and particles as excitations of quantum fields.

Max Planck: The father of quantum theory who introduced the concept of quantized energy to explain blackbody radiation.

Niels Bohr: Developed the Bohr model of the atom, incorporating quantum concepts to explain atomic spectra.

Erwin Schrödinger: Developed the Schrödinger equation, a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes the time evolution of a quantum system.

Werner Heisenberg: Formulated the uncertainty principle and made significant contributions to matrix mechanics.

Paul Dirac: Pioneered quantum electrodynamics and predicted the existence of antimatter.